Amy Tan and Functionalism Essay

This essay will explore the real life of Amy Tan and the translation of her life through her large body of work. The research will not only involve biographical information but quotes from her books as they relate to her life and the influence of Asian culture on those works as well as her life. The works that will be focused on in this essay will The Joy Luck Club and other others. The main development of the essay will be based upon the comparing qualities found in The Joy Luck Club. This essay will be partly analytical and partly research based in its design. Amy Tan’s work, though broad in theme will usually bear the relationship of the mother-daughter paradigm in the weight of the story incorporating a functionalist theory. Cognitive processes performed by the brain allow for construction of an internal model of reality from the sensory data. This also coincides with consensual reality or perceived reality which is the function of the normal processes of the brain. Sensory perception is a crux by which cognitive science develops its theories. As such, the mind is in a continuous learning equation. The brain chronically categorizes representations of reality (objects, feelings, events, etc) and learns how to problem solve, and compute these different sensory receptions. This is a self-organizing process by which the mind acts like a computer and stores information from sensory events into a coded mechanism. Amy Tan writes about the way in which an Asian woman grows up in a Western culture and the effects of this on the mother-daughter relationship. Thus, not only is the theme of the familial relationship relevant but also the theme of the first generation Asian American important. Especially in the novel The Joy Luck Club the view of Asian values as they are pitted against Western culture is examined, just as in Amy Tan’s life, such issues were relevant. Tan’s novels peak with relevance to the negotiation of the characters toward their assimilation into Western society †¦Asian American culture emerges out of the contradictions of Asian immigration, which in the last century and a half of Asian entry into the United States have placed Asians within the United States nation-state, its workplaces, and its markets, yet linguistically, culturally and racially marked Asians as foreign and outside the national polity. Under such contradictions, late nineteenth-century Chinese immigrants labored in mining agriculture, and railroad construction but were excluded from citizenship and political participations in the state†¦By insisting on Asian American formation as contradictory, and therefore as dialectical and critical†¦while immigration has been the locus of legal and political restriction of Asians as the other in America, immigration has simultaneously been the site fro the emergence of critical negations of the nation-state for which those legislations are the expression†¦The national institutionalization of unity becomes the measure of the nation’s condition of heterogeneity. If the nation proposes American culture as the key site for ht resolution of inequalities and stratifications that cannot be resoled on the political terrain of representative democracy, then that culture performs that reconciliation by naturalizing a universality that exempts the non-American from its history or aestheticizes ethnic differences as if they could be separated form history (Lowe 11). Asian Americans are prone to negotiation and this interaction between cultures as well as between generations is especially prevalent in The Joy Luck Club as it relates to Tan’s life. In the context of this process is the history of Tan’s own life. She was a first generation Asian American born in Oakland California. Her parents were Chinese immigrants. Her father was a Baptist minister and her mother was a Shanghai nurse. When Tan was fourteen years old, her father as well as her elder brother died of brain tumors. After the death of the figurehead of the family and the brother, Tan, her mother Daisy and the younger brother Peter moved to Montreux, Switzerland. As Tan grew older she began to realize the great gap that existed between herself and her mother due to their difference in culture. As Tan grew up she realized that there was much tension between herself and her mother. Tan eventually moved away from home and gained her master’s degree in linguistics at San Jose State University. Tan’s first job was as a children’s speech therapist. Within the context of Tan’s writing there exists these elements of her life; integration, acceptance, alienation both in terms of culture and through this culture of familial ties. The ideal behind the immigration to America is extrapolated in her novels as a way of achieving the American dream. This issue is brought subtly to the foreground by way of the parents’ expectations of their children and the children’s noncompliance to these wishes, a sort of shucking off of the parents’ ideal for the children’s own interest, Although ‘Asian values’ have continued to define the material success of Asian Americans in American culture and society since the 1980’s, these values have equally been deployed to suggest the inability of Asian Americans to embrace the American Dream, a problem that would culminate in the myth of ‘perpetual foreigner. ’†¦the history of Asians in America can be fully understood only if we regard them as both immigrants and members of nonwhite minority groups precisely because Asian Americans have never been completely absorbed into American society and its body politic (Shu 93). Thus, Tan’s novels, as juxtaposed with her life emphasize the alienation first generation Asian Americans deal with as being ostracized from either culture, Culture is the medium of the present—the imagined equivalences and identifications through which the individual invents lived relationship with the national collective. But it is simultaneously the site that mediates the past, through whih history is grasped as difference, as fragments, shocks, and flashes of disjunction. It is through culture that the subject becomes, acts, and speaks itself as American. It is likewise in culture that individuals and collectivities struggle and remember, and in that difficult remembering, imagine and practice both subject and community differently (Lowe 10). In Tan’s novel The Joy Luck Club the main attraction for readers resides in the focus of the four main Chinese-American families. These families unite in the club they formed called The Joy Luck Club in which the mothers, and towards the end of the novel the daughters play the Chinese game Mahjong for money while also partaking of a myriad of Chinese dishes. In fact, Tan brings a lot of Chinese culture into her stories through food. The novel is written in a vignettes style in which the characters lives are portrayed in sixteen chapters divided into four sections where the narrative is dedicated to both the mother and the daughter. The beginning of the novel begins with Jing-Mei or ‘June’ who has at this point lost her mother Suyuan to an aneurysm. The Joy Luck Club requests that June take the place of her mother at their game. This begins the novel in a fashion of exploration and a journey in which June discovers who her mother was and thereby finds her own identity through her mother on behalf of the information gleaned from Suyuan’s friends. This topic of finding the self through the mother relates to Tan’s own life and her relationship with her mother. This is also a cultural issue in which the daughter denies her heritage, in this case both Tan and June, and only through this journey of discovering who the mother is does the daughter begin to understand her own self, In contrast, the cultural productions emerging out of the contradictions of immigrant marginality displace the fiction of reconciliation, disrupt the myth of national identity by revealing its gaps and fissures, an intervene in the narrative of national development that would illegitimately locate the immigrant before history, or exempt the immigrant from history. The universals proposed by the political and cultural forms of the nation precisely generate the critical acts that negate those universals. These acts compose the agency of Asian immigrants and Asian Americas: the acts of labor, resistance, memory, and survival as well as the politicized cultural work that emerges from dislocation and disidentification. Asian immigrants and Asian Americans have not only been subject to immigration exclusion and restriction, but have also been subjects of the migration process and are agents of political change, cultural expression, and social transformation (Lowe 11-12). Tan’s novels also focus on the American dream as it is reinterpreted by her characters. Tan’s use of culture as it applies to the characters is also applicable through the identity of being an immigrant. The loss of self through the loss of culture becomes a very viable source of depression for the characters in the novel just as Tan wrote that her own family suffered from this disease. Depression is prevalent with the daughters of the novel in struggling to find their identity and for June in finding out who her mother was as a person and as a mother. The novel deals greatly in behind the scene actions and events that are not revealed to the protagonist until the right time toward the end of the novel. In a way the old adage of a woman not becoming a woman until the death of her mother plays a specific role in this novel just as it does for Tan’s life. When June’s mother dies June must take on her mother’s responsibilities in the Joy Luck Club and in a way become her mother for these women. It is in this position that June learns of Suyuan’s life before being a mother just as much as she is an identity as a mother. Tan stated that her mother Daisy witnessed her mother’s suicide. This theme was emphasized in The Bonesetter’s Daughter when the mother tried to contact Precious Auntie. The form of contact that June clutches to in The Joy Luck Club is found in Suyuan’s circle of friends My father has asked me to be the fourth corner at the Joy Luck Club. I am to replace my mother whose seat at the mah jong table has been empty since she died two months ago. My father thinks she was killed by her own thoughts†¦My mother could sense that the women of these families also had unspeakable tragedies they left behind in China and hopes they couldn’t begin to express in their fragile English. Or at least, my mother recognized the numbness in these women’s faces. And she saw how quickly their eyes moved as she told them her idea for the Joy Luck Club (Tan 19-20). The pressure that mother insists upon the daughter is prevalent in Tan’s live as well as it is presented in the lives of her characters, especially June. There is a theme concurrent with this idea of memory, escape and eventual recognition in The Joy Luck Club which persists with the image and symbolism of the piano. Jing-mei’s mother Mrs. Woo insists that Jing-mei is a musical prodigy but during her debut recital both mother and daughter realize how bad she is at playing the instrument. As a result of this terrible recital Jing-mei shouts at her mother that she wishes she had never been born, that she were dead like those twins Mrs. Woo had to abandon. The mother then backs off and allows Jing-mei to forget about the piano. Later in the story the piano is given to Jing-mei as a thirtieth birthday presents and in this gift Jing-mei realizes that her mother only wanted her to find something worthwhile in her life. The gift of the piano reminds Jing-mei of the daughters that her mother had to leave behind, however, it is only after her mother’s death that Jing-mei can come to accept the gift of the piano. As she plays the piano Tan’s underlying theme becomes refocused on the American Dream translated into Chinese culture. Jing-mei’s mother wanted her to make something of herself, hence the piano. In Jing-mei’s ugly comment about wanting to be dead like her twin sisters the reader realizes that this is a metaphorical death, that Jing-mei is realizing that she is the product of a Chinese household but with ever growing dreams persuade by Western culture. Jing-mei eventually goes to China to meet with her twin sisters and in so doing she becomes reunited with her mother in the stories that she must give them, but all is revealed in that initial hug between the sisters. The mother’s children unite thereby uniting the family after so many years dislocated. In this way Tan’s focus is one of Diaspora, in the lack of home and the journey emotionally, spiritually and physically that each character in The Joy Luck Club must undertake to come to recognition with their identity, as Asian Americans, immigrants, products of a cultural dichotomy and as daughters and mothers, Tan also explores the effect of popular culture on the immigrant. Mrs. Woo gets her ideas from television and popular magazines. She does not question the validity of these sources. The magazines range from the bizarre—Ripley’s Believe It or Not—to the commonplace—Good Housekeeping and Reader’s Digest. Everything has been predigested for mass consumption (Shu 93). This predigested concept elicits for Tan the idea of self as seen through culture. The mother in this passage is seeking to redefine and assimilate into a culture for which she is ill designed. The theme then, as it was for Tan who was a first generation Asian American who later moved to Switzerland and then back to the San Francisco Bay area, is this idea of relocation, Diaspora. Through this concept of Diaspora through Tan’s novels it is easy to understand the psyche of her characters in relation to her own sentiments about life, immigration, identity as they in turn relate back, each of them, to the mother and daughter relationship. These forced concepts of becoming a woman and struggling with identity as it pertains to these outside forces is a daunting realization for each other Tan’s characters as it must have been difficult for her to define her life growing up a first generation Asian American. Amy Tan’s talent for writing is based on her affiliation with true life events which is a very functionalist way to write. Thus, when she writes her fiction novels she is also writing in part her biography as the thoughts of the characters are revealed to be strikingly similar to the sentiments that Tan must have felt growing up and finding out the history of her own mother who witnessed her mother’s suicide. Through the incorporation of these personal thoughts there is also the element in this way of thinking that focuses on Asian culture. The concept of the immigrant as it applies to Western culture is inclusive of being ostracized. Thus, the characters in Tan’s novels are in search of identity; identity as it relates to the dichotomy of Asian and Western culture, mother-daughter relationships, and the self. Through the arrival of the mother’s past revealed to the daughters in each of Tan’s novel, the daughter comes to an epiphany. The daughter realizes that she is her mother in part, and that is where her home is found. Thus, Tan is able to transfer this personal quest of self in the novel, as well as her real life, into the notion of the self being identified through the struggle of the mother for the daughter and the sacrifice therein. This concept is proved especially with June’s character, but for Tan , the idea of the mother defining the daughter is constant. Work Cited Lowe, Lisa. â€Å"The Power of Culture†. Journal of Asian American Studies. Vol. 1, No. 1. 1996. Shu, Yuan. â€Å"Globalization and ‘Asian Values’: Teaching and Theorizing Asian American Literature. † College Literature. Vol. 32, No. 1. Winter 2005. Tan, Amy. â€Å"The Joy Luck Club†. Putnam. 1989. Tan, Amy. â€Å"The Bonesetter’s Daughter. † Putnam. 2001.

Nature of Linguistic Sign by Ferdinand de Saussure Essay

1. Sign, Signified Signifier Some people regard language, when reduced to its elements as a naming-process only–a list of words, each corresponding to the thing that it names. For example: operation–an assumption that is anything but true. But this rather naive approach can bring us near the truth by showing us that the linguistic unit is a double entity, one formed by the associating of two terms. We This conception is open to criticism at several points. It assumes that ready-made ideas exist before words; it does not tell us whether a name is vocal or psychological in nature (arbor, for instance, can be considered from either viewpoint); finally, it lets us assume that the linking of a name and a thing is a very simple have seen in considering the speaking-circuit that both terms involved in the linguistic sign are psychological and are united in the brain by an associative bond. This point must be emphasized. The linguistic sign unites, not a thing and a name, but a concept and a sound-image. The latter is not the material sound, a purely thing, but the psychological imprint of the sound, the impression that it makes on our senses. The sound-image is sensory, and if I happen to call it â€Å"material,† it is only in that sense, and by way of opposing it to the other term of the association, the concept, which is generally more abstract. The psychological character of our sound-images becomes apparent when we observe our own speech. Without moving our lips or tongue, we can talk to ourselves or recite mentally a selection of verse. Because we regard the words of our language as sound-images, we must avoid speaking of the â€Å"phonemes† that make up the words. This term, which suggests vocal activity, is applicable to the spoken word only, to the realization of the inner image in discourse. We can avoid that misunderstanding by speaking of the sounds and syllables of a word provided we remember that the names refer to the sound-image. The linguistic sign is then a two-sided psychological entity that can be represented by the drawing: The two elements are intimately united, and each recalls the other. Whether we try to find the meaning of the Latin word arbor or the word that Latin uses to designate the concept â€Å"tree,† it is clear that only the associations sanctioned by that languageappear to us to conform to reality, and we disregard whatever others might be imagined. Our definition of the linguistic sign poses an important question of terminology. I call the combination of a concept and a sound-image a sign, but in current usage the term generally designates only a sound-image, a word, for example (arbor, etc.). One tends to forget that arbor is called a sign only because it carries the concept â€Å"tree,† with the result that the idea of the sensory part implies the idea of the whole. Ambiguity would disappear if the three notions involved here were designated by three names, each suggesting and opposing the others. I propose to retain the word sign [signe] to designate the whole and to replace concept and sound-image respectively by signified [signifià ©] and signifier [signifiant]; the last two terms have the advantage of indicating the opposition that separates them from each other and from the whole of which they are parts. As regards sign, if I am satisfied with it, this is simply because I do not know of any word to replace it, the ordinary language suggesting no other. The linguistic sign, as defined, has two primordial characteristics. In enunciating them I am also positing the basic principles of any study of this type. 2. Principle I: the Arbitrary Nature of the Sign The bond between the signifier and the signified is arbitrary. Since I mean by sign the whole that results from the associating of the signifier with the signified, I can simply say: the linguistic sign is arbitrary. The idea of â€Å"sister† is not linked by any inner relationship to the succession of sounds s-ïÆ'Ëœ-r which serves as its signifier in French; that it could be represented equally by just any other sequence is proved by differences among languages and by the very existence of different languages: the signifiedâ€Å"ox† has as its signifier b-ïÆ'Ëœ-f on one side of the border and o-k-s (Ochs) on the other. No one disputes the principle of the arbitrary nature of the sign, but it is often easier to discover a truth than to assign to it its proper place. Principle I dominates all the linguistics of language; its consequences are numberless. It is true that not all of them are equally obvious at first glance; only after many detours does one discover them, and with them the primordial importance of the principle. One remark in passing: when semiology becomes organized as a science, the question will arise whether or not it properly includes modes of expression based on completely natural signs, such as pantomime. Supposing that the new science welcomes them, its main concern will still be the whole group of systems grounded on the arbitrariness of the sign. In fact, every means of expression used in society is based in principle on collective behavior or–what amounts to the same thing–on convention. Polite formulas, for instance, though often imbued with a certain natural expressiveness (as in the case of a Chinese who greets his emperor by bowing down to the ground nine times), are nonetheless fixed by rule; it is this rule and not the intrinsic value of the gestures that obliges one to use them. Signs that are wholly arbitrary realize better than the others the ideal of the semiological process; that is why language, the most complex and universal of all systems of expression, is also the most characteristic; in this sense linguistics can become the master-pattern for all branches of semiology although language is only one particular semiological system. The word symbol has been used to designate the linguistic sign, or more specifically, what is here called the signifier. Principle I in particular weighs against the use of this term. One characteristic of the symbol is that it is never wholly arbitrary; it is not empty, for there is the rudiment of a natural bond between the signifier and the signified. The symbol of justice, a pair of scales, could not be replaced by just any other symbol, such as a chariot. The word arbitrary also calls for comment. The term should not imply that the choice of the signifier is left entirely to the speaker (we shall see below that the individual does not have the power to change a sign in any way once it has become established in the linguistic community); I mean that it is unmotivated, i.e. arbitrary in that it actually has no natural connection with the signified. 3. Principle II: the Linear Nature of the Signifier The signifier, being auditory, is unfolded solely in time from which it gets the following characteristics: (a) it represents a span, and (b) the span is measurable in a single dimension; it is a line. While Principle II is obvious, apparently linguists have always neglected to state it, doubtless because they found it too simple; nevertheless, it is fundamental, and its consequences are incalculable. Its importance equals that of Principle I; the whole mechanism of language depends upon it. In contrast to visual signifiers (nautical signals, etc.) which can offer simultaneous groupings in several dimensions, auditory signifiers have at their command only the dimension of time. Their elements are presented in succession; they form a chain. This feature becomes readily apparent when they are represented in writing and the spatial line of graphic marks is substituted for succession in time. Sometimes the linear nature of the signifier is not obvious. When I accent a syllable, for instance, it seems that I am concentrating more than one significant element on the same point. But this is an illusion; the syllable and its accent constitute only one phonational act. There is no duality within the act but only different oppositions to what precedes and what follows.

Response Paper 4 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Response Paper 4 - Coursework Example Therefore, the absence of such actions would deter the continuity of the positive behavior, or lower the capacity by which the actions are conducted. Skinner argues that reinforced behavior tends to be repeated as reinforcement strengthens an individual to continue the behavior (Skinner, 1938). In my childhood years, I did not enjoy participating in physical activities in school and at home with my peers. My lifestyle that caregivers reinforced strengthened this behavior. I was brought up as an only child, and was never permitted to interact with other children. Consequently, I spent most of my time indoors, in front of the television set. This made me an introvert, and one who could not engage actively with peers. I loved loneliness, as I did not have any company to keep me socially active. Therefore, when I joined school, I preferred to be alone, instead of seeking the company of my mates as I had become conditioned to a private life. However, things changed when I joined high school. My physical education teacher kept on encouraging me to participate in physical activities. He appreciated the slightest effort that I made, and affirmed me when I failed to perform as expected. These positive reinforcers helped me change my behavior from an antisocial being to a social being. Consequent to these, as I aspire to become a physical education teacher, I must learn how to reinforce positively the behavior of regular exercise in my students. A substantial number of students do not enjoy engaging in physical activities. They prefer to sit back, and not exercise their bodies, due to a number of reasons. Some of them could be overweight, while others lack the skills to socialize with their peers, hence making them uncomfortable with exercises that require teamwork. More to these, others could lack the necessary skills involved, leading to a low

MODULE 1 DISCUSSION Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MODULE 1 DISCUSSION - Article Example Thus the consumer can save more that he/she spends in other utilities helps increasing the spending power in the economy which is useful for economic growth (Georgescu and Nicholas, 2014). Giving the license to FPL may lead to monopoly supply in Florida and thus exploits the households. Addition of the two plants will make the firm to produce more units than the rest and become a dominant player in the market (Georgescu and Nicholas, 2014). Thus they will influence major decisions in the market such as prices hence can charge more, than if the firms were in competitive market. The firm however, can exploits as other means such as wind, geothermal, biomass and even solar. This means are quiet cheap and less harmful to the environment. Thus if well harnessed, can provide a good choice to nuclear energy. FPL should cater for the external costs due to harmful exposure of the public e.g. by constructing hospitals (Georgescu and Nicholas, 2014). Put measures to prevent occurrences such as earthquake due to construction of the firm into water bodies. The benefits that come with excess plants are more than demerits. More supply of energy into the economy reduces manufacturing costs of many firms. This translates into low prices to consumers which eventually helps the economy to grow. Thus I will vote for the plants to be

Human Resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Human Resources - Essay Example This essay stresses that organization has performed a study which suggests that the companies which will concentrate their operations on online products and services, will greatly benefit in the future, as this will soon become a major means of shopping all over the world. However, it should be remembered that the level of competition online also grows, thus the probability exists that some of the online sellers might lose their money. Despite the high volumes of the annual Internet turnovers, which grow each year, it should be pointed out that the more sellers enter online space, the more the global web will be characterized by fierce competition, thin margins, higher initial start-up and uncertain environment. However, the call to join the ‘dot.com’ is still very attractive and extremely interesting for many potential businessmen who are not able to invest large finances into opening their own business. The topic of the research is the following: a descriptive correlation study of online beauty product vendors with discussing their strategies and buying behaviors of consumers. The main aim of the study is to describe the behaviors of the consumers which by beauty products online, as well as the promotion strategies used by online retailing sellers of the beauty products. In the present research there have been used a number of literary sources, which give general picture and trends on the modern global market.

Twinearth Thought Experiment Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Twinearth Thought Experiment - Term Paper Example This concept has failed severally to give the necessary results and thus it should be rejected. People have also tried to use is the notion of extension and intension to solve the problem. This notion although seemed to be the simplest, it actually complicated the whole problem. The terms, which are more problematic, are those having more than one sense like the words rabbit and set (Putnam 1975, 581). It is proposed that treating each sense of a word as a different word can solve this problem of complication. It is due to these complications that the Twin Earth Experiment is preferred over this method. The Twin Earth thought experiment assumes that somewhere on the galaxy there exists a planet identical to earth called Twin Earth. The only difference experienced between Twin Earth and the Earth is the vernacular English spoken in either. These differences are contributed by the uniqueness of Twin Earth (Putnam 1975, 584). It is believed that the chemical composition of the liquid called water on Twin Earth is not H2O but another complicated chemical which we shall assume as XYZ. In this experiment it is believed that XYZ performs on Twin Earth all the functions water perform on earth and it tastes like water. It is also known that at normal temperatures and pressure, H2O is different from XYZ. In addition, it is understood that oceans, seas, and lakes of Twin Earth contain XYZ and that it rains XYZ on Twin Earth. Suppose now that we have two individuals with identical attributes, one from the earth and the other one from Twine Earth. If these individuals exist in the current society in which we can assume that the chemical composition of water is known both on earth and on Twin Earth, each will understand water differently. The one from the earth will understand water as H2O and the one on twin earth as XYZ. Now suppose that these two individuals exist in a time when the chemical composition of water

The Palestinian Land Ownership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Palestinian Land Ownership - Essay Example Kanafani, Ghassan the author of "Men In the Sun and Other Palestinian Stories" in his story the â€Å"The land of Sad Oranges" says† equates the experiences of the Palestinians to oranges that dry and finally shrivel up. During the upheaval, a civil war was happening in Palestine when Israel declared its independence in 1948 in an attempt to establish an independent Jewish state. The move was inevitable since huge numbers of Jewish immigrants had moved there. The United nation’s bid to partition the land among Palestinians and the Jews were rejected by the Palestinians and the Arabs and this is when the western world joined in to support the Palestinians. Many Palestinians were killed brutally and were forced out of their land leaving behind their homes including the trees, sea, sun and even the cloud. The narrator tells the young boy that, "you and I and others of our age were too young to understand what the story meant from the beginning to the end" (Kanafani 75). Ghassan Kanafani demonstrates to the reader the catastrophic event of the war on the refugees. The author uses the symbol to show how the Palestinians became outcast the life after as refugees. The narrator says "when my glance fell on your fathers face †¦I saw at the same moment the black revolver and beside it an orange" (Kanafani 80). The audience is made to see his father’s face, black revolver and a shrivelled orange all at once. This is Kanafani’s attempt to show the relationship between the politics in Palestine and the possible practical solutions of the problem. In 1948, the Palestinian leadership had tried to liberate the land but it proved hard since the Arab countries did not support them (Farsoun 32).

A Journal opinion article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 11

A Journal opinion article - Essay Example As compared to the same period last year, JP Morgan registered a reduction in bond trading revenue by 21%. Additionally, the bank revenue obtained from the mortgage reduced to 84%. Major aspect that caused the poor performance by the bank was due to uncertainties that surrounded the US economy as far as lending to consumers and trading volumes are concerned. Being one of the Wall Street banks to post the reduced earnings, JP Morgan indicates how the financial sector has been faced with difficulties in the first quarter of 2014. Additionally, majority of the businesses owned by the bank including the commercial lending and the credit cards indicated low profits. This resulted to reduced total revenue for the bank in the first quarter an aspect that may result in reduction of annual revenue if the trend of the low performance in the financial sector continues in the remaining quarters. According to the bank, the net income fell to $5.27 billion which is equivalent to $1.28 per share fo rm the $6.53bn, or $1.59 per share which was experienced in the same period in 2013. According to the analysts, the bank earning per share was expected to stand at $1.40 per share. However, this was not achieved due to the reduction in net revenue which experienced 8.5% fall to stand at $22.99bn while the bank expected total revenue to stand at $24.53billion. Similarly, in the premarket trading, JP shares reduced by 3.3% to sell at $55.50 deviating from $61 highest prices that the bank has maintained for the last 13 years. This is a major indicator of poor performance of the bank an aspect that may result to low level of trust from the customers as well as investors. Despite the low performance by the JP Morgan, Jamie Dimon, the chief executive officer indicates that the largest bank in US is creating confidence in the country’s economy. As the result of

Favorite Food Essay Example for Free

Favorite Food Essay â€Å"so exactly where are we going again?† I asked my dad while pulling out of our driveway. â€Å"Just wait I know youll love this restaurant,† he announced. He was taking me to Espinoza’s, an authentic Mexican restaurant. There was a large window right beside the door when you pull in, with a big, orange, neon sign with the words ESPINOZAS written in capital letters. My dad opened the door and I led him in. Right when we walked, there was a young girl, about five feet and 3 inches tall, who asked us in an accent if it was just the two of us today. Behind her about eight meters away, was a bar like counter that was higher than normal, for when the chef prepared your meal, he could place it there to be brought to the table. We sat down at our table right beside the big window with the neon sign, a table for four. Two glasses of water were brought to us, by Maria, our waitress, who all the while made suggestions on their selection of other drinks. There was a glass fridge, like the ones at gas stations, directly behind where dad was sitting, and it contained all kinds of carbonated drinks. All the sodas were in glass bottles with classic looking labels, that had Pepsi, Coke, and some other ones with Spanish words on them. Right beside the fridge were two slushy machines. One slushy machine had a red drink called Aqua De Jamaica, and the other one a creamy white one, Horchata. Tamarind and infusions of hibiscus flowers are what give Jamaica its red color. My dad ordered Horchata, which is made from a combination of long grain rice, milk, and sugar. We both sipped on our ice cold drinks, while placing our orders to Maria. As we waited for our food to arrive, I headed towards a jukebox on the opposite side of where we were seated. I flipped through all the tracks of songs and in the end just chose one based on the the picture on the cover of the album. Just as I was heading back to my seat, I saw Maria with a circular tray the size of a tire filled with food. I scurried over to beat her to our table because I wanted to see why dad was so enthusiastic about bringing me to Espinozas. What happened next, I will never forget. The smell the awoke every last bit of my senses. An oval plate was placed in front of me, as if I were some royal being. Laid out in perfect layers were nacho chips that looked like a bloomed roses petals. On top of the petal-like chips were marinated chicken strips, grilled so you could see the marks on them, showing all of the effort that was put into its cooking. The chicken was seasoned with a blend of zesty Mexican spices. Hints of lemon, paprika, crushed peppers, and onion powder gave tastes of sourness to sweetness with every bite. Sauteed onions, sweet bell peppers, and tomatoes are what completed the next layer. Melted white cheese smothered the beans that were evenly distributed upon every nacho chip that existed on my dish. I took the first bite. Related by more than just the blood in our veins, my father and I are best friends. He has always known me more than Ive known myself. He brought me to Espinozas because we both share a love for Mexican dishes. The flavors of the spices remind us of the connection and joy we have in our friendship. He even called me last night to remind me about the soccer game that would be on in ten minutes between Barcelona and Real Madrid. They tied one to one.

Scientific Evidence in Support of a Mind-Body Connection Essay Example for Free

Scientific Evidence in Support of a Mind-Body Connection Essay Descartes’ most famous words—Cogito ergo sum (I think, therefore I am)—are so powerful because of their intrinsic validity; no one can question their truth. Nevertheless, what follows from this premise in Meditations on the First Philosophy is Descartes’ thesis that mind and body are completely separate and distinct entities (page 139). He also believed that because of this separation, the mind is unaffected by and can outlive the body (insert page #). In contrast to the undeniable and well-founded nature of Descartes’ â€Å"cogito ergo sum†, these declarations are both inexact and under-justified. It is impossible for the mind and the body to be separate. To properly argue this point I present my own logical train of thought (in the Descartes tradition) starting with Descartes foundational idea of being a mere â€Å"thinking thing†. The mind cannot be without perceptions, which cannot be conveyed in the absence of senses. It follows that to have senses, one must have a body outfitted with sensory equipment. Because of this close association and mutual dependence the mind and the body share, it follows that if the body is affected in some way, so too will the mind be. As for matters of the spirit or soul, perhaps it is an element inhabiting the mind and the body as one, as they are inseparable. In the Meditations on the First Philosophy, Descartes begins the creation of an intellectual rebirth; building up from the foundation of his knowledge in assessing the validity of information conveyed to him by his senses. Starting in the third meditation, Descartes begins to doubt everything, stating that because he has learned everything through his unreliable senses, he can know nothing for certain apart from the fact that he is actively doubting (page #). Descartes deduces himself to a mere â€Å"thinking thing† (page #), a lone entity floating in space with nothing but intellect for company. What should have instantly dismissed the idea of the possibility of being a mere â€Å"thinking thing† from the very start of the meditation is the fact that Descartes could not rationally deny his own senses. Descartes’ willingness to believe that he may not have senses betrays an underlying fact in order to have any kind of information or ideas to actively deny, one must necessarily have senses which transmit information to the mind about the physical world outside the intellect. Descartes own ideas of the world, memories, and perceptions serve as evidence of communication from the outside world to his mind—even if he chooses to reject what was transmitted as hopelessly flawed. Descartes himself asserts that something cannot come from nothing (page #). By this logic, a â€Å"thinking thing† cannot know what to think unless given a foundational mental archive of information. Without experiencing anything outside of itself and not receiving any stimulus from the senses, thoughts would be impossible for a thinking thing. The fact that Descartes is trying to deny information he previously believe to be true proves that his mind has gleaned knowledge from outside of itself by some means of sensory extension. For example, when people think, they do it with the aid of language. Descartes never once explains or considers the fact that he is thinking in a language—a tool that obviously had to be learned from an outside source. While a similar conclusion is eventually reached in Meditation VI, the acknowledgement of the senses should have been first verity—clear beyond a reasonable doubt. After having accepting the fact that senses are indisputably real, one naturally comes to recognize the need of a body, since there must be some kind of extension through which the senses convey information. Again, using Descartes undeniable assertion that something cannot come form nothing; it must be true that senses have a physical reality. They must have this in order to interpret and communicate information about a physical world. A body is a means of physical extension by which the senses operate. Since one can be certain that senses are real, and because the senses have constantly conveyed information of the presence of a body, one can rationally be certain that the body too, is real. Baby.   Throughout all of his meditations, Descartes maintains that the mind is purely a â€Å"thinking thing† (page #) med II. This is the position of Antonio Damasio in Descartes’ Error: â€Å"the comprehensive understanding of the human mind requires an organism perspective; that not only must the mind move from a nonphysical cogitum to the realm of biological tissue, but it must also be related to a whole organism possessed of integrated body proper and brain and fully interactive with a physical and social environment.† (page #) There is no way of proving that the mind can exist without a body. Our way of experiencing seemingly intangible mental activity may be no more than the phenomenon of chemical signaling between neurons in the brain and throughout the body. It is not impossible that there could exist a purely â€Å"mental† realm outside of our physical awareness, however because our minds are so tightly intertwined with our bodies, we have no sure way of knowing. What we can be sure of is that our minds have a physical basis in our bodies. What must next be argued based on what has been established above are Descartes assertions regarding divisibility of the body verses the mind. In Meditation VI, Descartes comes to decide that though there is some inexplicable means by which the mind and body are linked, they remain two different things. Based on this assumption, he comes to decide that the mind is indivisible while the body, by design, is divisible (page 139). Descartes does not provide a solid logical argument for his assertion. When discussing the divisibility of the body, Descartes abandons his style of lengthy and well-thought-out line of reasoning. Rather, he holds that an amputee, though physically divided from a limb, would suffer no mental alteration. While it is true that a person can survive after losing a foot, it is also true that the mind loses access to all of the information the lost foot would have conveyed about the world: ground motion and temperature, texture, and surrounding material. The foot also gave the body the ability to walk, run, and balance. In this example, division of the body through the loss of a limb would lead to a void of information in the mind. Every component constituting the body is considered and accounted for in the mind. When thinking of doing something or going somewhere, the mind takes in to account all advantages and hindrances of possible future actions and analyzes a plan of action. The mind does this constantly and mostly, unconsciously. In the absence of an appendage the mind must adjust and re-diagram plans of action. It must also make up for the fact that it has lost all of the sensory input that once came from the lost appendage. Certainly in the case of losing more vital parts of the body such as a lung or heart, the mind would be deprived not only of the sensory input, but also of a resource needed to survive; it would be physically altered beyond repair. For these reasons, it is evident that the body is not so easily divisible as Descartes, never having lost a limb himself, implies. In regards to conditions of the mind, Descartes’ chief reason for asserting that the mind is indivisible is that upon introspection, he can only understand himself to be one complete thing. In making this statement about the mind, Descartes is not referring to the brain; rather, he is referring to an entity outside of the brain. An intangible intelligence. As previously discussed, as far as we can rationally prove, the brain and the mind are one in the same. Because The Meditations on the First Philosophy was meant to be an analysis on gaining certainty of reality using a systematic and rational method, the consideration of indivisibility of the mind must be argued in terms of the brain. One of the most famous, more modern examples proving the divisibility of the brain is the case of Phineas Gage. Though there were undoubtedly many cases of people surviving brain damage in the time when Descartes lived, the accident endured by Phineas Gage is well known and well documented. Phineas Gage is a man made famous for his survival of an accidental lobotomy. After being impaled by a metal rod through the frontal lobe of his brain, Phineas Gage remarkably, made a full corporeal recovery. However, following the accident, there was evidence of profound personality change. (Source)   From all that we humans have learned about ourselves in the ways our mentality works, evidence such as brain damage, and its capability to completely change a person, this seems evidence enough that our minds are divisible; that they are an ever-changing entities that can survive in cases of severance. As far as a â€Å"soul† is concerned, we have no solid evidence proving any such thing exists. So how can Descartes scientifically speculate matters regarding its characteristics, and particularly, its possible â€Å"divisibility†? The case of Phineas Gage   reinforces the argument that the mind and body are not, divisible; those unhealthy in the mind are also unhealthy in the body, and vise versa. One cannot be whole without the company of the other. As for matters of the soul, they are purely speculative as they cannot be supported by any kind of evidence, and should be left to faith alone.   [Author: You need to source the Gage case in the text and in your References at the end] Despite inconsistencies in Descartes’ treatise, his ideas continue to challenge conventional wisdom, just as they offered a new perspective to people trapped in the close-minded society of his day. Descartes provoked readers to think for themselves, an action which was at that time punishable by death. Though he would never fully know the extent to which he affected society, his dream of stimulating new ways of thinking became a global phenomenon that continues in the contemporary world.   If it is essentially the â€Å"soul† to which Descartes is referring when he uses the Latin word for â€Å"mind†, than by Descartes own standards laid out in his Discourse on Method, specifically, his rule to never believe anything to be true unless he himself can prove it (insert page #), it can never be proven, for one would have to die first to be sure. References Damasio, A.R. (1994). Descartes Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain. New York: Putnam Publishing. Descartes, Philosophical Essays and Correspondence (cir.1641). Translation by Donald Cress (1993). Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company. Grassian, S. (1983). Psychopathological Effects of Solitary Confinement. American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 1450-1454. Grassian, S. Friedman, N. (1986). Effects of Sensory Deprivation in Psychiatric Seclusion and Solitary Confinement. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 8, 49-65. Sutker, P. et al. (1991). Cognitive Deficits and Psychopathology Among Former Prisoners of War and Combat Veterans of the Korean Conflict. American Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 67-72.

Pricing And Distribution Strategies

Pricing And Distribution Strategies According to Christian Louboutin Shoes are a mirror of what you want, what you are or what youre missing (Time, 179, page 68); these words has inspired the launch of a new footwear brand -LKS. The concept of this new product is to bring forth a new generation for womens footwear. LKS is to launch a pair of shoes that will be the missing piece of the puzzle. It will encompass the comfort factor but will also have the creative element for the fashion conscious. The inspiration for this product is that it can be worn from day to night, all day every day. This is because the product will have a detachable heel system which will allow the person to interchange the height, the design of the heel or just wearing the shoes as they are. The diagram below will illustrate the concept: Detachable heel clips into place Studies show that wearing high heels can cause Lower Back Disorders (Work, Volume 41, 2012) and can also affect posture whilst at work (Teller Vision, 2013). This is one of the reasons why LKS is launching the detachable heel to tackle these claims. Further to the detachable heel concept; each heel will have its unique design whether it is a metallic stiletto heel or it is a chunky Perspex one. Every one of the designs will reflect the persons personality or styles which are interchangeable. In addition, the idea of the detachable heel is so that an ordinary pair of flat ballerina pumps for example can transform into a pair of glamorous six inch heels; that not only looks chic and fashionable but is also suited to the consumers personal taste. Part A: The Brand Name LKS Love Killer ShoesThe brand name LKS was originally made up of initials from the group as like most footwear brands: Kurt Geiger, Russell Bromley and Jimmy Choo. The initials of the brand can be interpreted as a paradox to our original concept of comfort Love Killer Shoes. The fact that the brand strap line uses the word Killer is humorous as it is a play on the idea that the product is comfortable but it can also mean that the product can be transformed into something amazing. It displays that the brand is quirky, unique and creative. However, the brands logo will depict simplicity. Please refer to the below design: The logo is simply LKS written in a white font in a black background; which includes the strap line Love Killer Shoes underneath also in a white font on a black background. The reason for the choice in colours is because it is minimal and classic like the luxury brand Chanel or Alexander Wang. It can also be compared to the hair straighteners brand GHD with their strap line of Good hair day, every day. LKS vision is to aid the 21st century woman in balancing ones working life with their leisure time. As the population of women in the UK is greater ((51%), Home Office) than mens, the brand aims to sell to women. These women will be working professionals ((Social Grading of A C1), NRS (n.d), Keynote (2012)). People of Social grading A C1 make up a large proportion of consumers in the UK who purchases shoes (Keynote 2012). Statistics in June 2011 shows that (73.1%) women were more likely to purchase shoes much more than men (51.3%). It has also been decided that the brand intends to sell to women between the ages 20 and 34 as Part A: The brand name (contd) these ages showed one of the highest consumer purchases in 2011. (Keynote, Footwear, 2012). Despite the economic climate the footwear industrys growth in 2012 showed a growth of 3.7% (Mintel, July 2012) and as footwear is now seen as a fashion essential many consumer especially women are always looking to buy shoes. Statistics shows that 27% (Mintel, Footwear Retailing July 2012) of consumers buy shoes because they want to find something comfortable; which is one of the reasons why LKS is to launch this unique footwear where comfort and style are put into one package. Part B: Promotion (Please refer to Mood Board) Part B: Promotion, Mood Board justification LKS sole focus is the design of the heel, rather than the entire shoe. LKS product will be trendy, quirky and innovative; therefore a range of materials, colours and patterns will be used in its production. The product will also be catwalk-esque, and high street oriented thus catering to fashionistas. LKS detachable heels will each have its own distinctive design and colour (refer to mood board). Jewel colours (greens/yellows/blues/reds) will be incorporated to make the heel vibrant, depicting their glamorous and gem like nature. For example a green will signify the colour of an emerald. Metallic colours gold and silver will bring edginess and incorporates the rock image instantaneously to the shoe. Different materials in addition to the colours will create texture to the heel and emphasise the difference of LKS heels compared to other normal heels. The brand will be willing to mix and match a variety of fabrics with different colours and patterns. This will become the basis for all the heel designs. The diversity of the designs means that LKS can create heels to correlate with the seasons trends. When considering the marketing strategy, it is crucial to consider the promotional mix. According to Jobber (2009) there are six main components that make up the promotional mix, these include: Advertising, Direct sales, E-commerce, Personal selling, Sales promotion and Public Relations. It is essential to relate to the target audience of young professionals when choosing the most relevant and wide reaching promotional tools. LKS has chosen to utilise Advertising, E-commerce and Public Relations. A push strategy (Jobber, 2009) will be used to stimulate consumer demand for the product. It has been estimated that 1107 million (TfL statistics, n.d) people utilise the underground every year; this means that there will always be a consistent high footfall especially during peak commuting hours. Therefore, part of LKS advertising will take the form of advertisements on the London Underground. These advertisements will capture commuting young professionals interests. In addition, advertisements will also be placed on buses, both inside and outside. This will ensure that LKS maximises the use of all methods of commuting. Part B: Promotion, Mood Board justification (contd) Magazines and newspapers will also form a basis for LKS advertising. LKS will focus on high end glossy magazines such as Elle which has a combined readership of around 1 million (National Readership Survey, April 2012) for print and website compared to Vogue which has an estimated 1.4 million (National Readership Survey, April 2012) combined readership. Limiting the print in only high end glossy magazines will aid LKS to develop a prestigious image and also to show the young stylish professionals that LKS products are of high quality and are the latest must-haves. To further aid with the advertising of LKS; it is important to ensure that the brand gets acknowledgement from these high end magazines. LKS will send out sample products to fashion bloggers and magazine companies for them to review the products and therefore extend brand recognition. Social media is currently becoming an essential part of the daily life; hence the brand will strongly focus on E-commerce which will be social media websites such as Facebook, twitter and Instagram. Statistics shows that on Instagram alone there are 90 million monthly active users and 1000 comments are posted every second (Instagram Press Centre, n.d); LKS will launch with an Instagram account allowing consumers to access new product launches including exclusive insider photos of all aspects of LKS; offering their feedback to ensure the consumer feels valued and connected to LKS. Further to Instagram; Facebook itself has 1 billion monthly active users since October 2012 (Facebook Newsroom, n.d) and twitter (Tweetstats, n.d) who has nearly 1 million users and will indefinitely support the advertising of the brand through competitions and limited sneak peek photos and information. The use of Public Relations will develop the relationship between both consumers and the media. LKS clever stunt will capture both consumer and media attention; taking influence from Lanvin for HM who used Marble Arch in London as a giant billboard by projecting images onto it (Popscreen, n.d). For example, LKS can place a giant shoe, highlighting the detachable heel in Trafalgar Square. Part C: Pricing and Distribution Strategies There are three pricing methods (Jobber, 2009); Cost, Competition, and Marketing Orientated Pricing. LKS will be focusing on the Marketing Orientated Pricing which means that it takes into account a wide range of factors; that aids in price setting. LKS product is of a unique nature therefore the price of the product will be higher than a conventional pair of high heels. The brand wants to be perceived as a high quality luxury brand on the high street and so a premium pricing strategy will be used. Reports on Keynote (2012) shows that consumers highest spending on footwear in the year ending June 2011 is between  £20  £149. As mentioned, LKS will be targeting young professionals in the social grading A C1 so it was essential to set a price that is both affordable for this target group yet will also provide the basis for LKS to be seen as a high end brand. Although LKS product is different from any other products on the market; the competition aspects are still considered to play a vital role in the pricing strategy. It is important to be able to identify the various types of competition in the market, shown in Figure 1. To define LKS Immediate Competitors, the brand has looked at other parts of the footwear industry; what other brands offered on the high street. Kurt Geiger is at present one of the leading footwear brands in the UK and is a retailer that supplies luxury and fashionable shoes. It has been estimated that at the end of January 2011 the company had a turnover of  £185 million (Keynote, 2012). This is one of the main direct competitors of LKS, as both brands are targeting the stylish, young professionals. As shown on the table for Kurt Geiger the pricing range is from  £55  £410 which is a large variation compared to Russell Bromley and CJG. LKS Recommended Retail Price will be starting at  £100 which is competitive against the lowest price point of the main competitors and does not make LKS to be perceived as a cheap brand but a premium one. There are three aspects of channel strategies LKS must consider: Channel Selection, Distribution Intensity and Channel Integration (Jobber, 2009) Distribution (place) To allow for greater consumption and transparency (Jobber, 2009) the main route of distribution will be through online sales and concessions within the well established department stores. The use of an intermediary is essential to distribute to concession as this will assist to improve efficiency and accessibility for consumers (Blythe, 2009) as the products will be dispersed in smaller batches allowing measurement of stock and an even distribution. However, with online commerce; direct producer to consumer channels are the most effective as young working professionals may not have the time to shop in LKS concessions; online shopping will be the most efficient way. Distribution Contd (Intensity) There are three types of distribution intensity. LKS has reviewed all three types: Figure 2 (Source: Jobber, 2009) LKS has opted with Selective distribution into high end concession stores. This will create brand prestige along with brand loyalty. The use of department stores offers a guaranteed footfall compared to a stand-alone store. Harrods for example has over 1.3 million customers every year from more than 134 countries (Chamber Cocktail, 2011). Using Selfridges, Harrods and Libertys as a platform for the product will allow well established customers the chance to try something refreshing, but from a trustworthy and recognised shop. E-commerce has provided consumers with the ability to shop from home; especially when people work all day and have no time to browse around in shops. Online shopping has grown rapidly throughout the years; an approximate value on average for weekly internet sales is  £466.1 million in August 2012 (Office for National Statistics, 2012) which is a growth of 7.5% compared to the previous year. Alongside online website a mobile application will be launched allowing for increased accessibility for shopping on the go.

My Philosophy of Education :: Teaching Teachers Essays

My Philosophy of Education As a military wife, I have had the experience of working in several different school systems. I was a substitute teacher and a teaching assistant for four years. I started my college education right after high school. However, I halted my studies when my ex-husband and I were stationed in Germany. Soon after, my children came and consumed most of my time. If I was asked the question now about my career choice at 18, I would have to say that I am glad I got to experience the world first. I have enjoyed raising my children and working in the school system. I am now back in college after a 16-year break. I am more prepared mentally and I am focused and determined to reach my goals of becoming a teacher. I know that being a teacher is my true calling in life. Over the years, I have had the privilege of working with ten different teachers. I have considered their examples to be exceptional reference material. I see things that have worked and things I can relate to. I have also seen things that didn’t work. I have been very fortunate to be able to give my profession of choice a trial run before spending this time getting prepared for a career in teaching. An eclectic approach to teaching and learning is what I would like to have in my classroom. I would draw my practices from progressivism, essentialism, existentialism and realism. I also understand that some things will work with one class but may not work well with another. I know that I will need to be flexible when working with a diverse number of individuals. With progressivism, I believe that there should be instruction where students participate in critical thinking, problem solving and decision-making. These exercises help children to survive in the real world. I think cooperative learning will teach children to work well with others but also draw off each other’s ideas. Applying essentialism in the classroom is where the basic core curriculum will come in. There will be standards that need to be met in these areas. This will be where creativity needs to be implemented to get the material that is required across to the children. I believe in time-on-task emphasis as well as modeling appropriate behavior.

Character Monologe of John Yosarian :: essays research papers fc

Hello my name is John Yossarian, I am a captain in my squadron of pilots that runs bombing missions during this retched war. All my life I’ve hated war I think it’s utterly pointless, men losing their lives only to ensure their freedom.. I do not know why I am being forced to fight, but the way I look at it is ‘lets just get it over with’, this type of attitude helps me try to complete my missions as soon as possible. While that may sound like an easy task the truth is it isn’t, the main reason why is because of my damn colonel†¦ Catchcart is his name and he keeps â€Å"lifting the bar† on the number of missions required by us before we can be sent home. At first I didn’t even want to have to fight, so I tried all means to get out of this blasted battle. I even said that I had a pin in my liver and was sent to the hospital, but that turned out to be more trouble then it was worth. After being discharged from the small Italian facility I could only seem to wonder why no one else saw the pointlessness of all these â€Å"heroes† fighting an endless massacre, the question never could seem to leave my mind†¦ I guess its just one of those questions that has no real answer. Some of the men in my squad are Milo Minderbinder, who had was a leader of a underground black market and the head of the mess hall, Hungry Joe, well what can I say about Joe†¦ he used to be a photographer for Life magazine and he has an obsession with naked women, quite the oddball if you ask me. McWatt, he was always a happy one, rarely caught him without a smile on his face. Clevinger, rest his poor soul, he was always an optimistic, always had a question for everything and he was usually very opinionated. You know, every man has his own limits in life, and I’ve just about reached mine with all of these missions, this war has nothing more to offer me and I nothing to offer it. So I refused to fly any more missions. I am now on the streets of Rome, but my â€Å"freedom† was short lived, an officer arrested me for not having a pass.

Health Care Reform Essay

Health Care Reforms The affordable care act came in to effect on March 2010. It is a four years plan that will affect the delivery of care to the 250 million Americans. (Swanton, 2012). The Affordable Care Act includes numerous provisions to support millions of Americans to keep the Health care costs low, promote preventive care such as colonoscopies and mammogram, and other services readily available to promote prevention of the disease and hold insurance companies accountable for the safe delivery. (Hill, 2012). The health care reform act intended to make the health care more affordable for all and make health care more safe. There were several aspects of the health care system that the reform would impact such as the employer to provide health insurances to their employees, health coverage for adult children by the protected by the parents insurance. And the reimbursement to the hospitals based on the quality of service provided rather than the quantity of the service. Goals of the reform The health reform also known as the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), of 2010 will have a profound influence on health care in the United States. A major goal of the Act is to improve access to affordable, quality health care. In the year 2007, the health care statistics showed that there was increase in the ineffective care provided to the patients which consumed vast majority of the health care funds (Hills, 2010). The insurance companies also dictate the care for the patients and denied care for those who had preexisting health conditions, or provided health care at a very high cost. There was a great need for the reform in the health care system. The three main goals of the PPACA are, (1) expand access to health insurance coverage, (2) improve affordability and sustainability for those who have health care insurance, and (3) control the rising costs of health care while improving quality (Cutler, 2010).Based on these goals, the health care providers, the insurance companies, the patients and the system itself will be affected. An important element in achieving this goal will be to learn from patients’ experiences and build the foundations for personalized care for the patients. (Hill, 2010). Cutler (2010) states, the initiative will require, â€Å"partnership among researchers, clinicians, policy makers and regulators, and patients to design an  integrated information network system that will be the basis for providing the right treatment for the right patient in the right place at the right time (p.45). Thus with health care reform goals is to provide high quality of personalized care to the patient. Reference Cutler, W. (2010). Thinking outside the pillbox—medication adherence as a priority for health care reform. New England Journal of Medicine, 362(17), 1553-1555. Orszag, P. (2010). Health care reform and cost control. New England Journal of Medicine, 363(7), 601-603. Hill, B. J. (2012). What is the meaning of health? Constitutional implications of defining â€Å"medical necessity† and â€Å"essential health benefits† under the affordable care act. American Journal of Law and Medicine, 38(2), 445-70. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1038820105?accountid=13931

Health assessment roper logan tienery

One draw of the field of nursing is the ability for nurses to individualize their care plans for their patients. In order to ensure that unique patients are able to get healthy, they need nursing care plans as unique as they are. This means assessment and evaluation of each patient before and during care.Nancy Roper's desire to become a nurse started in childhood, and as a result of her experiences and education, she, along with two of her colleagues, developed the Roper-Logan-Tierney Model of Nursing to assess patients' level of independence and provide the best ndividualized care for them. The Roper-Logan-Tierney Model for nursing is a theory of nursing care based on activities of daily living, which often abbreviated ADLs or ALs. The purpose of the theory is as an assessment used throughout the patient care. which is often used to assess how the life of a patient has changed due to illness , injury or admission to a hospital rather than as a way of planning for increasing independ ence and quality of life. This model is related to the lifespan of the Individual, identifying twelve activities f living: maintain a safe environment, communication, breathing, eating and drinking, elimination, washing and dressing, controlling temperature, mobilization, working and playing and sleeping.Each of it is influenced by five identified factors, which are biological, psychological, socio-culture, environment and politico economic This model is used in conjunction with the nursing process to Identify actual potential problems for the Individual and how nursing care can advance the patient along the dependence to Independence continuum.

Benefit and Compensation

This company is a commercial contractor with annual revenue between 10-20 million dollars (PC One Source Contracting, 2013). According to their website, PC begins part-time general laborers at $10. 50 per hour (www. Vociferousness. Com). They offer medical benefits, vacation pay, and merit increases for full time employees. Management and project leaders are also offered a car allowance, and retirement plans (www. Vociferousness. Com). Bellow Disaster Restoration is an international commercial construction company with operations in both Michigan and Arizona.Bellow currently creates approximately $20 million in revenue within the Detroit area (Bellow Property Restoration, 2013). They offer pay structures (depending on position) within both markets averaging from minimum wage to $1 00,000 per year (Bellow Group Salaries, 2014). They offer incentive programs for early completion of projects, bonuses for exceeding sales goals, and merit increases for exceeding performance or promotions. In addition, Bellow offers medical benefits, accrued paid time off, paid sick leave, retirement plans, and car allowance and travel expense reimbursement for applicable employees (Bellow Group Salaries, 2014).According to Glissando. Com, the national average wage for commercial contractors (not including additional benefits in a total compensation package) is $65,239 (Salary: Contractor, 2014). In both markets, competitors of similar size are offering wages between minimum and approximately $100,000 per year (dependent on position). Competitors also offer compensation packages with merit increases, health insurance, paid vacations, productivity incentives, retirement plans, and are within the national average compensation of $65,239 for commercial construction contractors.This market survey and evaluation will allow Clayton Commercial Construction to better prepare a competitive and relevant compensation package for employees of the Detroit, Michigan and Arizona operations. Compens ation Structure and Position in Market Since the company wants to be comparable to other construction companies it is easier to determine the pay structure that can be used for the company. This can be achieved by using the practice of benchmarking. This can be done one of two ways.The company can take a direct approach, go around to different companies in Arizona, and see if their human resources department will give them a look at how theirs works. Another way to benchmark would be to use the internet job boards to see what current salaries in the area are going for. The best recommendation would be to grade each job on a points scale to decide difficulty and importance. From there decide which jobs have an average salary and which ones should have a pay scale based on time in service and skill level.From there the company can identify how many positions for each job title the will have and can factor in the projected payroll of the company against the projected gross value. This will allow for growth within the company as well staying competitive with other companies. For the expansion to Arizona, the company will have to look at trying to undercut prices Of competitors. The positioning will be weak and should look to specialize in smaller jobs. According to central. Com (2014) the top 10 companies billing is from $500 million to $47 million.This company currently nets about 20% of the tenth ranked company's billing amount. Positioning themselves as a smaller company that offers a more intimate experience is the marketing strategy to go with. People like to do business with companies that give the impression of personal touch. Bigger companies can lose this eel and open the door for other businesses. This is where Clayton Commercial can really make their money. Compensation and Benefits Strategy Expanding into a new market presents many challenges, but perhaps the most critical element is recruiting excellent talent in the new market to ensure successful gr owth.Ensuring that Clayton Commercial Construction is attractive to potential hires is the key goal behind designing a competitive compensation and benefits strategy. Our recommendation for Clayton is to provide a wide variety of options to employees and then allowing them to hose the benefits they want to pay for. We recommend assigning costs to each benefit, and we will provide employees with a budget of â€Å"Benefit Dollars† to spend on the benefits they care about most. Employees may go over these â€Å"benefit dollar† budgets, but they will be responsible for extra expenses beyond their budget.We recommend allotting employees 20% of their annual base salary in â€Å"benefit dollars† to spend how they choose, and then charging employees based on the benefits they take. This cafeteria-style approach will allow Clayton to save money by not paying for benefits that are r low extreme flexibility to Clayton employees. It will also reinforce with the employees of Clayton just how much these benefits cost much off benefit the company is paying for. Morale and employ appreciation will be higher and employees will be less likely to tall benefits packages for granted.Regarding compensation, we erect Clayton utilize market research to set and maintain comparable Our preliminary research indicates that in Arizona, a typical front construction worker earns roughly $31 ,OHO per year (Indeed. Com skilled tradesman makes $46,000 per year (Salary. Com, 2014), an, rings home $120,000 (Salary. Com, 2014). In terms of raises, rata annual raises, we recommend that Clayton conduct annual mark into comparable salaries and then adjust pay as needed to stay IR with industry norms.Claptrap's plan is to increase workforce size which constitutes 130 employees. Assuming we have 1 director, 45 skilled laborers, 60 unskilled laborers, and 21 support staff, ‘M manage three different full construction teams. Each team will h manager, 15 skilled laborers, 20 uns killed laborers, and seven soul resulting in a per-team annual cost of roughly $1. 7 million. Clap dated that they are aiming for a net revenue growth of -3%, we r this team aim for exact revenue neutral, so they must earn $1. 7 revenue to offset the increased cost.Performance Incentives and A performance incentive system is and merit pay is a way to retail employees and should be used to recruit top employees. Enema) set goals for their employees that are attainable and realistic, who turn motivate them to work harder to attain the goals set by the Some incentives to look at would be bonuses, stock, and time off Merit pay is used frequently amongst businesses to pay their me based on performance. In order for the merit pay program to be employers must assure that the reward is delivered to the top en will be prominently healthier than raises given to average or subs employees.The theory of performance-based compensation for is that they should be compensated generously for out perf ormer workers, but if a worker performance is ordinary, that worker cord should show that. Compensation law The primary federal law to be aware of when it comes to compel benefits is the Employee Retirement Income Security Act, or IRIS sets the standards ensuring employee benefits plans are fair and mound and establishes employer obligations to provide benefit AR retirement plans (United States Department of Labor, 2009).Thud requires persons managing plan funds to refrain from conflict of transactions, disclose information on conditions of the plan, and the funds of the plan to the exclusive benefit of participants. ERE! Codifies provisions for COBRA, which gives former employees of large companies the right to continue health coverage at previous group rates, well as establishing rules for exclusions relating to preexisting conditions (United States Department of Labor, 2009). With regard to state law, there are a few requirements: Clayton is required to pay employees twice a Mont no more than 16 days apart, on regularly scheduled paydays.Employees w work beyond 40 hours in a week must receive 1. 5 times normal base and characteristics such as sex, ethnicity, and religious preference may not be considered when determining salaries (State Bar of Arizona, 2014). Conclusion To assist with the expansion to Arizona, it was important for Clayton Commercial Construction's strategies are comparable to other commercial construction business within the area. Team a made recommendations WI sat considerations with the compensation laws, benefits, incentives and marketing to assist Clayton Commercial Construction to excel in their new location.

Education Essays – Distance Learning Classroom

Distance Learning ClassroomDistance Learning VS. ClassroomEducation is a lifetime investing. Education is a cardinal to success and for holding a better hereafter and a really promising calling. With the latest technological promotions present in our society, there are many picks to be educated and gain a grade. The traditional system of schoolroom instruction is here to remain but technological discoveries introduced a new manner of larning which is known as distance acquisition. Distance acquisition is the most convenient and effectual manner of gaining a grade in today’s society. Distance acquisition is designed to run into the demands of people draw a bead oning to gain a grade through categories conducted on-line via the cyberspace without the fusss of go toing categories inside the schoolroom. Distance acquisition is an first-class option particularly for grownups to gain a grade without go forthing their occupations. In add-on, out of school young persons who are forced to take a occupation due to economic and fiscal restraints can besides go on their instruction through distance acquisition. Furthermore, it is besides an effectual manner for full-time mas to gain their grade or finish school without giving their duties to their household. Furthermore, professionals are besides provided with agencies to heighten what they have already learned and go even more knowing through distance acquisition. This manner they have greater opportunities for calling development and a higher opportunity for a publicity. Harmonizing to Spodick ( 1995 ) , distance instruction or distance acquisition, has been around for a long clip and involves deriving knowledge outside of the traditional agencies of go toing categories at schools. Today, the popularity of online acquisition is turning quickly. As a affair of fact, there are 1000000s of pupils in the United States that are soon analyzing online. In add-on, there are besides abroad pupils who are besides taking up their degree online. Other states besides came up with their ain distance instruction plans. Willis ( n.d. ) noted that in order to turn to the challenge of supplying more educational chances without the fiscal load, establishments should develop distance instruction plans. Furthermore, these types of plans can supply grownups with another chance to gain a college instruction or those who failed to complete school due to clip restraints and disablements, and supply agencies for employees to review their cognition. Distance acquisition may hold created uncertainties to those who believe that it is merely through go toing regular categories in school and with face-to-face Sessionss with instructors that pupils can larn. However, through the old ages, surveies proved that distance instruction can supply quality instruction the same as or even more than with a schoolroom scene. Since distance acquisition is frequently compared with schoolroom acquisition, it is of import to observe the similarities and differences of these two. Prof. James Drogan ( n.d. ) pointed out that distance acquisition and schoolroom acquisition has the same instruction aims and capable affair. Normally the classs offered by an educational establishment in the formal schoolroom puting are besides being offered in its distance instruction plan. In add-on, the schoolroom professors are besides those carry oning categories in distance acquisition. Another similarity is that online and schoolroom classs have similar criterions of excellence in class plants. Both distance and schoolroom acquisition expect merely the best from pupils particularly with respect to their submitted end products, assignments and engagement in category treatments. Distance acquisition and schoolroom acquisition are besides marked by their differences. One large difference is the locale of the teaching-learning procedure. Distance acquisition is done online and practically any where at all every bit long as 1 has a computing machine with an internet entree while schoolroom acquisition requires pupils to travel to school and go to regular categories in face-to-face direction. Another difference lies in the sorts of pupils go toing the classs. In distance acquisition, the professor has a bigger possibility of learning pupils of different nationalities around the Earth because pupils have greater entree to it. Harmonizing to Abuso, Garcia, Labayan, and Baretto ( 1997 ) , instructors are cultural workers who reproduce civilization in the signifier of images, information, regulations, linguistic communication, attitudes and values. Distance larning provides the best agencies for instructors to make their duties as cultural workers because of the broad scope of pupils go toing distance instruction. Students come from different nationalities and have different cultural backgrounds which they can portion with their instructor and their fellow schoolmates online. The exposure to changing civilizations can enrich the cognition of pupils and do them more socially and culturally cognizant. Meanwhile schoolroom larning normally have really few foreign pupils, some of which are merely luck plenty to be portion of an exchange plan while some are those who can merely afford to go to schools in the United States. Class agendas besides differ between distance and schoolroom acquisition. When it comes to distance acquisition, there is no fixed category agenda unless the professor in charge requires pupils to travel online at a peculiar clip and twenty-four hours. Most of the clip, pupils can entree their practical schoolroom and contribute in the treatment boards on other activities on line at their ain convenience. Unlike with distance acquisition, schoolroom larning purely fellows a fixed agenda. Students can non merely come and travel as they pleased otherwise they will be marked late or even absent. Furthermore, Sherry ( 1996 ) noted that the purposes and ends of distance scholars besides vary from those of schoolroom scholars. For case, grownup scholars under distance instruction plans aim non merely to derive new cognition but besides get societal accomplishments like join forcesing and pass oning with others from different parts of the universe. Peoples used to believe of distance or online acquisition as the sort of instruction normally taken for granted. However, this changed after so many trials and thorough surveies were conducted and eventually this hi-tech manner of acquisition gained credence and regard from pedagogues and pupils likewise. So, what are the pros of distance acquisition compared with schoolroom larning? Distance larning allows larning in distant or distant locations to go possible since it is really accessible since all category or class demands will be complied on-line. In add-on, a practical schoolroom is accessible even in cyberspace coffeehouse and requires and needs merely a standard computing machine. On the other manus schoolroom instruction provides an synergistic agencies of larning since there are many pupils sharing each other ‘s thoughts and inquiring inquiries with the existent supervising of their professor. Distance and schoolroom acquisition besides have changing effects. One of the major jobs encountered in distance acquisition is the rapid alterations in engineering that create obstructions to accessing larning environments. Another large effect is the limited apprehension of effectual instruction methods which is brought approximately by the juvenility of online acquisition. Since it is about new to everybody, really few research were made to measure distance acquisition and measure the methods and schemes employed by distance acquisition professors. Furthermore, it consequences to doubt and incredulity of the effectivity of pupil comprehension and in larning extremely complex topics. On the other manus schoolroom acquisition besides has its ain effects which includes promoting inactive larning particularly to the instance of pupils whop are excessively diffident to pass on their thoughts or to inquire inquiries for elucidations. Furthermore, most schoolroom professors besides ignore single acquisition differences between pupils. Therefore, the schoolroom puting hinders the pupils ‘ opportunity to take part in category treatments since others normally dominate in category. Furthermore, schoolroom acquisition frequently neglects developing the higher thought accomplishments of pupils since professors do all the speaking most of the clip and spoon-feed pupils with information. Indeed, distance larning unfastened new chances for pupils and instructors. With the Internet, online grades have become a perfect option for persons who may happen trouble inscribing in a traditional schoolroom establishment. Online or distance instruction Teachs persons to multitask unlike in regular schoolroom environment. Distance larning provides ambitious activities wherein pupils have to utilize to several plans, maintain files, and electronic mail in order to acquire good classs and to win. The universe is invariably altering and as competition goes stiffer and stiffer in the occupation market, more people are in favour of distance acquisition. Adult pupils have greater opportunities to win in this sort of larning establishment since they are more full-blown and responsible. Most of these pupils have full-time occupations on households to look after, excessively. On the other manus traditional college pupils runing from 18-21 old ages can genuinely profit from the societal ambiance of a college campus. A college campus has many activities that, warrant exciting experience for them. However, those who are seeking grade for publicity intents or for calling promotions and personal growing and development, distance acquisition is the best pick. Regardless of one’ grounds for taking distance acquisition, it requires focal point, dedication, and motive. Distance acquisition is decidedly harder to concentrate in a practical schoolroom that in a traditional schoolroom because there are normally many distractions. For illustration, if one logs on to one’s practical category at the comfort of one’s place at one’s workplace, there are many noise that can destruct that person’s concentration like people speaking, music blasting from Television or wireless, and even kids playing. Another ground distance acquisition requires subject and adulthood is because of the fact that there are no professors straight in forepart of pupils to oversee and supervise every task.. Latest technological promotions help do distance larning more accessible to pupils around the universe. However, establishments offering this sort of instruction demand to measure invariably the impact of distance acquisition organisations and separate sections besides need to make procedures for communicating and sharing cognition. Furthermore, quality control processes besides necessitate to be developed and improved. Distance acquisition requires systematic alterations, fiscal support, and transmutation for educational stuffs to do them accessible online. Distance larning replies the call for a new acquisition environment that provides efficient and effectual direction in a convenient and more accessible mode. Distance larning serves as another means for people from different ages to gain grade at their ain gait with less force per unit area yet with the same quality direction as schoolroom acquisition.MentionsAbuso, J. , Garcia, F. , Labayan, F.C. , & A ; Baretto, R. ( 1997 ) .Socio- cultural foundations of instruction. Philippines: UP Open University Press Drogan, J. ( n.d. ) .Online or distance larning versus schoolroom acquisition.( hypertext transfer protocol: www.sunymaritime.edu/Academics/Graduate % 20Program/distancevsclassroom.asp ten ) . Howell, S. , Williams, P. , and Lindsay, N. ( n.d. ) .Thirty-two tendencies impacting distance instruction: an informed foundation for strategic planninghypertext transfer protocol: //www.westga.edu/~distance/ojdla/fall63/howell63.html Sherry, L. ( 1996 ) .Issues in distance acquisition.International Journal of Educational Telecommunications, 1( 4 ) , 337-365. Spodick, E. ( 1995 ) .The development of distance acquisition. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University of Science & A ; Technology. Willis, B ( n.d. ) .Distance education- a practical usher. United states: University of Idaho Engineering Outreach Staff.

Binge Eating Disorder Essay Example for Free (#2)

Binge Eating Disorder Essay For centuries, many psychological disorders had plagued mankind. Humanity has suffered from many psychological disorders such as anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder and many more. One kind of disorder that rose in numbers in the twenty-first century are eating disorders. Eating disorders can be categorized into three types. Theses are anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. Of the three types of eating disorder, binge eating disorder is more complex when it comes to its symptoms and manifestations. To further understand binge eating disorder, we must first understand what are eating disorders and what factors can affect people who manifest these kinds of disorder. Eating disorders are disorders of eating habits of individuals. According to social-cultural theorist, most eating disorders usually are common in cultures where the thinness of the body is considered attractive and more acceptable (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2006). The factors that affect eating disorders can range from a person’s culture, environment, his/her family background, genealogy and biological factors. In the three kinds of eating disorder, anorexia nervosa is a disorder where one refuses to eat to become fat. A common practice of anorexic patients is to purge their food when they felt that they had taken a lot of it (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2006). The disorder is deadly and can kill almost 15 percent of its victims (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2006). If anorexia nervosa is self-starvation, bulimia nervosa is binging or eating excessively then purging it through various methods. Now, we focus on binge eating disorder. If the two other eating disorder’s goal is to keep their body thin and slim. Binge eating disorder is making the body fatter and overweight. The common practice of people with binge eating disorder is eating excessively when they feel anxious about something. They will eat out and eat as much food as they can even if they are not hungry. It sort of becoming their initial reaction to a stressor and becomes a habit (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2006). The big difference in binge eating disorder than bulimia is that binge eating disorder victims don’t purge (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2006). They don’t engage in behaviors that will cause them to vomit. Binge sessions of victims are usually habitual and episodic. This means they engage in binging in a particular time. Studies have shown that people who are obese and over weight are common people with binge eating disorder (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2006).. A study showed that 30 percent of people who undergo weight loss programs are actually having binge eating disorder. The peculiarity of this disorder is that even though this disorder is making the people unhealthy and obese, psychologist and health professionals think that having a binge eating disorder is better than having anorexia or bulimia. Usually African Americans are more affected by this disorder than European Americans (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2006). Similar to anorexia and bulimia, binge eating disorder is more common to females (Bierma, 1999). The disorder is associated with many disorders namely depression and anxiety (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2006). People who have binge eating disorder have low self-esteem and want to eliminate their binging. They feel sickened by the thought of being fat and usually tries to undergo weight-loss programs and frequent tries in dieting. The problem is they can’t stop binging until they sought help from the professional. Binge eating disorder as of today is still not counted as a formal eating disorder in DSM-IV by psychologists (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2006). This is due to the fact that psychologists think more studies should be done to support and sanction the diagnostic of this disorder. The binge eating disorder can be found on the appendix of the DSM-IV for further study (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2006). There are many causes why people get binge eating disorder. Many psychologists can attribute that the rise in eating disorders in our time is mainly due to our social norms (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2006). To further explain binge eating disorder, the factors that triggers this kind of behavior is needed to be understood. The most important fact we must know is that our society today has social pressures and norms. Many cultures put pressure to women to be slim and thin. There are cultural differences throughout the world. In places and time where wealthy people value heavier weight as more beautiful, eating disorder become less likely in the population. People in less developed countries view people with heaviness as beautiful because it shows that the person can afford to buy food and is wealthy (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2006). In America, the rise of fashion magazines that embraces beauty as something slim and skinny in the 90’s made many American teens more prone to become anorexic. The icons of beauty in a specific era also can predict the trends in eating behaviors in women. The cultural norms of attractiveness also affect people who can get eating disorder like binge eating (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2006). If a person sees that becoming fat and gaining weight can help him achieve his desired level of attractiveness, he will try to eat more in order to gain weight. Another deadly cause of binge eating disorder is that people who suffer from it view food as a way of coping to their negative emotions. In some cases, sexual abuse in the past can also trigger binge eating disorder because it raises the anxiety level of the person (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2006). The cognitive reasoning of an individual also affects the development of binge eating disorder. As we discussed, binge eating disorder is an impulsive behavior. The victims usally act before thinking. This kind of impulse is hard to control and is hard to regulate on its own. Biologically, people who suffer from binge eating disorder might have predisposition to depression (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2006). Depression usually triggers the binge eating session and makes victims more susceptible to binge just to feel good again. Findings also show that irregularity in the hypothalamus in the brain could be a cause of binge eating disorder and other types of eating disorder (Lyness, 2006). Hypothalamus regulates our eating habit and feeling of hunger (Lyness, 2006). This part of the brain is where our body sends a signal if a certain nutrient is insufficient or excessive. Another part of the brain which acts as relay centers of the message our body gives to the brain are neurotransmitters. Serotonin which is an important in cases of depression and anxiety plays a big role in eating disorders. Patterns of binging behaviors can stem from irregularities in serotonin (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2006). Lastly, obesity which is found in most binge eaters is found in the genes (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2006). This means that people are sometimes predisposed to be obese thus making them eat more. Binge eating disorder has many health consequences like gallbladder disorder, high blood pressure, diabetes etc (Unknown, 2005). Binge Eating Disorder. (2016, Aug 07).